/*
 * Copyright 2015-2025 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.opentest4j;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Serializable representation of a value that was used in an assertion.
 *
 * <p>This class only stores the value if it implements {@link Serializable}.
 * In any case, it stores its {@linkplain #getType() runtime type}, {@linkplain
 * #getIdentityHashCode() identity hash code}, and {@linkplain
 * #getStringRepresentation() string representation} determined via {@link
 * String#valueOf(Object)}. If the invocation of {@code String.valueOf(Object)}
 * throws an {@link Exception}, the string representation will take the form of
 * {@code "<Exception in toString(): " + e + ">"}, where "e" is the caught
 * exception.
 *
 * <p>The {@link #toString()} method returns the string representation of the
 * value along with its type and identity hash code.
 *
 * @author Marc Philipp
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @since 1.0
 * @see System#identityHashCode
 */
public final class ValueWrapper implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	private static final ValueWrapper nullValueWrapper = new ValueWrapper(null);

	/**
	 * Factory for creating a new {@code ValueWrapper} for the supplied {@code value}.
	 *
	 * <p>If the supplied {@code value} is {@code null}, this method will return a
	 * cached {@code ValueWrapper} suitable for all {@code null} values.
	 * If the supplied {@code value} is already an instance of {@link ValueWrapper},
	 * it will be returned as is.
	 *
	 * @param value the value to wrap; may be {@code null}
	 * @return a wrapper for the supplied value; never {@code null}
	 */
	public static ValueWrapper create(Object value) {
		if (value instanceof ValueWrapper)
			return (ValueWrapper) value;
		return (value == null) ? nullValueWrapper : new ValueWrapper(value);
	}

	/**
	 * Factory for creating a new {@code ValueWrapper} for the supplied {@code value}
	 * using the supplied custom {@code stringRepresentation}.
	 *
	 * <p>You should use this method when you don't want to rely on the result of the
	 * value's {@link Object#toString() toString()} method.
	 *
	 * <p>If the supplied {@code value} is {@code null}, this method will return a
	 * cached {@code ValueWrapper} suitable for all {@code null} values.
	 * If the supplied {@code value} is already an instance of {@link ValueWrapper},
	 * it will be returned as is if the {@code stringRepresentation} match, otherwise
	 * the original value will be unwrapped and a new {@code ValueWrapper} with the
	 * new {@code stringRepresentation} will be created.
	 *
	 * @param value the value to wrap; may be {@code null}
	 * @param stringRepresentation a custom rendering of the value; will fallback to
	 * the default behavior if {@code null}
	 * @return a wrapper for the supplied value; never {@code null}
	 * @since 1.2
	 */
	public static ValueWrapper create(Object value, String stringRepresentation) {
		if (value instanceof ValueWrapper) {
			ValueWrapper wrapper = (ValueWrapper) value;
			return wrapper.stringRepresentation.equals(stringRepresentation) ? wrapper
					: create(wrapper.value, stringRepresentation);
		}
		return (value == null ? nullValueWrapper : new ValueWrapper(value, stringRepresentation));
	}

	private final Serializable value;
	private final Class<?> type;
	private final String stringRepresentation;
	private final int identityHashCode;
	private final transient Object ephemeralValue;

	/**
	 * Reads and stores the supplied value's runtime type, string representation, and
	 * identity hash code.
	 */
	private ValueWrapper(Object value, String stringRepresentation) {
		this.value = value instanceof Serializable ? (Serializable) value : null;
		this.type = value != null ? value.getClass() : null;
		this.stringRepresentation = stringRepresentation == null ? safeValueToString(value) : stringRepresentation;
		this.identityHashCode = System.identityHashCode(value);
		this.ephemeralValue = value;
	}

	private ValueWrapper(Object value) {
		this(value, safeValueToString(value));
	}

	private static String safeValueToString(Object value) {
		try {
			return String.valueOf(value);
		}
		catch (Exception e) {
			return "<Exception in toString(): " + e + ">";
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the value supplied to {@link #create(Object)} if the value
	 * implements {@link Serializable}; otherwise, {@code null}.
	 *
	 * @see #getEphemeralValue()
	 */
	public Serializable getValue() {
		return this.value;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the value's runtime type or {@code null} if the value is
	 * {@code null}.
	 */
	public Class<?> getType() {
		return this.type;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the value's string representation.
	 *
	 * <p>The string representation is generated by invoking
	 * {@link String#valueOf(Object) String.valueOf(value)} for the value
	 * supplied to {@link #create(Object)}.
	 *
	 * @see #getValue()
	 */
	public String getStringRepresentation() {
		return this.stringRepresentation;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the value's identity hash code.
	 *
	 * <p>The identity hash code is generated by invoking
	 * {@link System#identityHashCode(Object) System.identityHashCode(value)}
	 * for the value supplied to {@link #create(Object)}.
	 *
	 * @see #getValue()
	 */
	public int getIdentityHashCode() {
		return this.identityHashCode;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the original value supplied to {@link #create(Object) create()}.
	 *
	 * <p>If this {@code ValueWrapper} was created by deserialization this method
	 * returns {@code null}.
	 *
	 * @see #getValue()
	 * @since 1.2
	 */
	public Object getEphemeralValue() {
		return this.ephemeralValue;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the value's string representation along with its type and
	 * identity hash code.
	 */
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		if (this.type == null) {
			return "null";
		}
		return this.stringRepresentation + //
				" (" + this.type.getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(this.identityHashCode) + ")";
	}

}
